Tikhonov D.G., Vladimirtsev V.A.
Annotation. Analysis of the pathways of the virus infiltration, the features of digestive lesions in COVID-19 and the search for an answer to the dilemma: Is the digestive system affected by this viral infection the cause or consequence? - allowed us to formulate a hypothesis about the possibility of developing a safe and effective oral vaccine against SARS-Cov-2. This paper substantiated the hypothesis. In our opinion, the oral vaccine against SARS-Cov-2 is likely to be the safest, even with the use of an attenuated strain of the virus.
Key words: SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, digestive tract, oral vaccine
For citations: Tikhonov D.G., Vladimirtsev V.A. Damage to the digestive tract in COVID-19, cause or consequence. Will an oral vaccine be effective? // Siberian Research. 2020/ 4(4). P. http://doi.org/10.33384/26587270.2020.04.02.07e
Received 09, September 2020; accepted for publication 13, December; published 15, December.
http://doi.org/10.33384/26587270.2020.04.02.07e
References
1. Sood N. et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020. // Jama. 2020. Vol. 13. P. 98–99.
2. Zou J., Bretin A., Gewirtz A.T. Antibodies to SARS/CoV-2 in arbitrarily-selected Atlanta residents // medRxiv. 2020. Vol. 21, № 1. P. 1–12.
3. Ing A.J., Cocks C., Green J.P. COVID-19: in the footsteps of Ernest Shackleton // Thorax. 2020. P. 1–2.
4. Yang R., Gui X., Xiong Y. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Asymptomatic vs Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. // JAMA Netw. open. 2020. Vol. 3, № 5. P. e2010182.
5. Colavita F. et al. SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection // Ann. Intern. Med. Vol. 0, № 0. P. null.
6. To K.K. et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva // Clin. Infect. Dis. 2020. 71 (15):841-843.P. 4–6.
7. Lechien J.R. et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study // Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. Vol. 2, № 0123456789.
8. Yan C.H. et al. Self-reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in Covid-19 // Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020. P. 1–26.
9. Schmulson M., Dávalos M.F., Berumen J. Beware: Gastrointestinal symptoms can be a manifestation of COVID-19 // Rev. Gastroenterol. Mex. Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología, 2020. P. 0–5.
10. Cheung K.S. et al. Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis // Gastroenterology. The American Gastroenterological Association, 2020.
11. Lo I.L. et al. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in clinical specimens and clinical characteristics of 10 patients with COVID-19 in Macau // Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2020. Vol. 16, № 10. P. 1698–1707.
12. Zhang H. et al. Digestive system is a potential route of COVID-19: An analysis of single-cell coexpression pattern of key proteins in viral entry process // Gut. 2020. P. 1010–1018.
13. Xiao F. et al. Evidence for Gastrointestinal Infection of SARS-CoV-2 // Gastroenterology. Elsevier, Inc, 2020. Vol. 158, № 6. P. 1831-1833.e3.
14. Zang R. et al. TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes // Sci. Immunol. 2020. Vol. 5, № 47.
15. Тихонов Д. Арктическая медицина. Якутск: ЯНЦ СО РАН, 2010. 317 p.
About the authors
TIKHONOV Dmitry Gavrilievich, MD, Professor, Senior Research Officer of the Scientific research Center of the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University, 677009, Yakutsk, St. Bld. 8, Russia, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-9471, e-mail: Tikhonov.dmitri@yandex.ru.
VLADIMIRTSEV Vsevolod A., PhD Russia, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-3592, e-mail: sevelot@mail.ru.
REVIEW MATERIALS